GETTING INTO GRAMMAR
(TENSES)
By Anggi Almira Rahma
A. PAST
FORMS
1. SIMPLE PAST TENSE
Simple
past tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu
perbuatan atau peristiwa yang terjadi pada waktu lampau.
Bentuk Nominal
Form
|
Pattern
|
Example
|
+
|
S+Tobe
(was,were)+O+Adv
|
You
were a 3D modeller last week
|
-
|
S+Tobe+Not+O+Adv
|
I
was not a 3D modeller last week
|
?
|
Tobe+S+O+Adv
|
Were
you a 3D modeller last week?
|
Bentuk Verbal
Form
|
Pattern
|
Example
|
+
|
S+V2
(ed)+O+Adv
|
I
made a 3D character yesterday
|
-
|
S+Did+Not+V1+O+Adv
|
I
didn’t make a 3D character yesterday
|
?
|
Did+S+V1+O+Adv
|
Did
you make a 3D character yesterday?
|
2. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
Past
Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang
sedang berlangsung pada waktu lampau ketika kejadian lain terjadi.
Bentuk Nominal
Form
|
Pattern
|
Example
|
+
|
S+Tobe
(was,were)+Being+O+Adv
|
He
was being an animation lecturer when he was 30 years old
|
-
|
S+Tobe+Not+being+O+Adv
|
He
was not being an animation lecturer when he was 30 years old
|
?
|
Tobe
(was,were+S+being+O+Adv
|
Was
he being an animation lecturer when he is 30 years old?
|
Bentuk Verbal
Form
|
Pattern
|
Example
|
+
|
S+Tobe
(was,were)+V-ing+O+Adv
|
I
was modeling 3D character in my house when my mother came
|
-
|
S+Tobe+Not+V-ing+O+Adv
|
I
was not modeling 3D character in my
house when my mother come
|
?
|
Tobe
(was,were)+S+V-ing+O+Adv
|
Were
you modeling 3D character in your house when your mother come?
|
|
|
|
|
3. PAST PERFECT TENSE
Past
perfect tense digunakan untuk menerangkan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang
sudah selesai dilakukan pada waktu lampau.
Bentuk Nominal
Form
|
Pattern
|
Example
|
+
|
S+Had+Been+O+Adv
|
They
had been at Studio since morning
|
-
|
S+Had+Not+Been+O+Adv
|
You
had not been a supervisor in infinite studio since 2006
|
?
|
Had+S+Been+O+Adv
|
Had
you been at studio since morning?
|
Bentuk Verbal
Form
|
Pattern
|
Example
|
+
|
S+Had+V3+O+Adv
|
I
had waited the render result last night for 4 hours, but suddenly there was a
black out
|
-
|
S+Had+Not+V3+O+ADv
|
There
was a black out last night, but fortunately I had not waited the render
result last night
|
?
|
Had+S+V3+O+Adv
|
Had
you waited the render result last nigt?
|
4. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Past
Perfect Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau
peristiwa yang sudah dimulai pada waktu lampau
dan masih berlangsung terus hingga pada waktu yang lampau pula.
Bentuk Nominal
Form
|
Pattern
|
Example
|
+
|
S+Had+Been+Being+O+Adv
|
You had been being a storyboard artist since 2005
|
-
|
S+Had+Not+Been+Being+O+Adv
|
You had not been being a storyboard artist since
2005
|
?
|
Had+S+Been+Being+O+Adv
|
Had you been being a storyboard artist since
2005?
|
Bentuk Verbal
Form
|
Pattern
|
Example
|
+
|
S+Had+Been+V-ing+O+Adv
|
We
had been studying digital painting for 6 months
|
-
|
S+Had+Not+Been+V-ing+O+Adv
|
We
had not been studying digital painting for 6 months
|
?
|
Had+S+Been+V-ing++O+Adv
|
Had
we been studying digital painting for 6 months?
|
B. PRESENT FORMS
1. SIMPLE
PRESENT TENSE
Simple present tense adalah suatu bentuk kalimat yang
menyatakan suatu bentuk perbuatan atau peristiwa yang terjadi pasda saat
sekarang atau kejadian yang merupakan kebiasaan sehari-hari.
Bentuk Nominal
Form
|
Pattern
|
Example
|
+
|
S+tobe
(am, is, are)+O+Adv
|
I
am an animator
|
-
|
S+tobe
(am, is, are)+not+O+Adv
|
I
am not an animator
|
?
|
Tobe+S+O/C
|
Are
you an animator?
|
Bentuk Verbal
Form
|
Pattern
|
Example
|
+
|
S+V1+O+Adv
|
I study about animation
production every Friday
|
-
|
S+Do/Does+Not+V1+Adv
|
I don’t study about
animation production every Friday
|
?
|
Do/Does+S+V1+O+Adv
|
Do
you study about animation production every Friday?
|
2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Present
Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang sedang
berlangsung dan belum selesai di waktu sekarang.
Bentuk Nominal:
Form
|
Pattern
|
Example
|
+
|
S+tobe
(am,is,are)+Being+O+Adv
|
She
is being an animation major lecturer now
|
-
|
S+tobe
(am,is,are)+not+Being+O+Adv
|
She
is not being an animation major lecturer now
|
?
|
Tobe
(am,is,are)+S+Being+O+Adv
|
Is
she being an animation major lecturer now?
|
Bentuk Verbal:
Form
|
Pattern
|
Example
|
+
|
S+Tobe
(Is,am,are)+V-ing+O+Adv
|
They are making 2D animation
now
|
-
|
S+Tobe
(Is,am,are)+Not+V-ing+O+Adv
|
They are not making 2D
animation now
|
?
|
Tobe
(is,am,are)+S+V-ing+O+Adv
|
Are
they making 2D animation now?
|
3. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
Present
perfect tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang telah
selesai di waktu sekarang.
Bentuk Nominal
Form
|
Pattern
|
Example
|
+
|
S+Have/Has+Been+O+Adv
|
She has been an animation
student in Polimedia for 1 year
|
-
|
S+Have/Has+Not+Been+O+Adv
|
She has not been an
animation student in Polimedia for 1 year
|
?
|
Have/Has+S+Been+O+Adv
|
Has she been an animation
student in Polimedia for 1 year?
|
Bentuk Verbal
Form
|
Pattern
|
Example
|
+
|
S+Have/Has+V3+O+Adv
|
They
have finished their animation project since yesterday
|
-
|
S+Have/Has+Not+V3+O+Adv
|
They
have not finished their animation project since yesterday
|
?
|
Have/Has+S+V3+O+Adv
|
Have
they finished their animation project?
|
4. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Present
Perfect Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa
yang dimulai dari waktu lampau dan masih terus berlangsung hingga waktu sekarang.
Bentuk Nominal :
Form
|
Pattern
|
Example
|
+
|
S+Have/Has+Been+Being+O+Adv
|
We have been being an animator for 1 year
|
-
|
S+Have/Has+Not+Been+Being+O+Adv
|
We have not been being an animator for 1 year
|
?
|
Have/Has+S+Been+Being+O+Adv
|
Have we been an animator for 1 year ?
|
Bentuk Verbal
Form
|
Pattern
|
Example
|
+
|
S+Have/Has+Been+V-ing+O+Adv.
|
We
have been studying animation for 1 year
|
-
|
S+Have/Has+Not+Been+V-ing+O+Adv
|
We
have not been studying animation for 1 year
|
?
|
Have/Has+S+Been+V-ing+O+Adv
|
Have you been studying
animation for 1 year?
|
C. FUTURE FORMS
1. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
Simple
Future Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang terjadi pada
waktu yang datang.
Bentuk Nominal
Form
|
Pattern
|
Example
|
+
|
S+Will/Shall+Be+O+Adv
|
I
will be a great animator next 10 years
|
-`
|
S+Will/Shall+Not+Be+O+Adv
|
He
will not be a great animator next 10 years
|
?
|
Will/Shall+S+Be+O+Adv
|
Will
he be a great animator next 10 years?
|
Bentuk Verbal
Form
|
Pattern
|
Example
|
+
|
S+Will/Shall+V1+O+Adv
|
I
will do my drawing task tomorrow
|
-
|
S+Will/Shall+Not+V1+O+Adv
|
I
will not do my drawing task tomorrow
|
?
|
Will/Shall+S+V1+O+Adv
|
Will
you do your drawing task tomorrow?
|
2. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
Future
Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang akan sedang
berlangsung di waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang.
Bentuk Nominal
Form
|
Pattern
|
Example
|
+
|
S+Will/Shall+Be+Being+O+Adv
|
She
will be being a digital painter
|
-
|
S+Will/Shall+Not+Be+Being+O+Adv
|
She
will not be being a digital painter
|
?
|
Will/Shall+S+Be+Being+O+Adv
|
Will
she be being a digital painter?
|
Bentuk Verbal
Form
|
Pattern
|
Example
|
+
|
S+Will/Shall+Be+V-ing+O+Adv
|
You
will be doing your animation project, she may not comes to tour studio at 9
am tomorrow
|
-
|
S+Will/Shall+Not+Be+V-ing+O+Adv
|
You
will not be doing your animation project, she may comes to tour studio at 9
am tomorrow
|
?
|
Will/Shall+S+Be+V-ing+O+Adv
|
Will
you be doing your animation project at 9am tomorrow?
|
3. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
Future
Perfect Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang sudah dimulai
pada waktu lampau dan segera selesai pada waktu yang akan datang.
Bentuk Nominal
Form
|
Pattern
|
Example
|
+
|
S+Will/Shall+Have+Been+O+Adv
|
He
will have been a 3D modeler next month
|
-
|
S+Will/Shall+Not+Have+Been+O+Adv
|
He
will not have been a 3D modeler next month
|
?
|
Will/Shall+S+Have+Been+O+Adv
|
Will
have been a 3D modeler next month?
|
Bentuk Verbal
Form
|
Pattern
|
Example
|
+
|
S+Will?Shall+Have+V3+O+Adv
|
We
will have finished our animation class at 4 pm tomorrow
|
-
|
S+Will/Shall+Not+Have+V3+O+Adv
|
We
will not have finished our animation class at 4 pm tomorrow
|
?
|
Will/Shall+S+Have+V3+O+Adv
|
Will
we have finished our animation class at 4 pm tomorrow?
|
4. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Future
Perfect Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa
yang sudah dimulai pada waktu lampau tetapi masih ada kemungkinan dilanjutkan pada waktu yang akan datang.
Bentuk Nominal
Form
|
Pattern
|
Example
|
+
|
S+Will/Shall+Have+Been+being+O+Adv
|
You
will have been being an animation lecturer for 2 years in 2014
|
-
|
S+Will/Shall+Not+Have+Been+being+O+Adv
|
You
will not have been being an animation lecturer for 2 years in 2014
|
?
|
Will/Shall+S+Have+Been+being+O+Adv
|
will
you have been being an animation lecturer for 2 years in 2014?
|
Bentuk Verbal
Form
|
Pattern
|
Example
|
+
|
S+Will/Shall+Have+Been+V-ing+O-Adv
|
You
will have been drawing for 1 hour at 9 am tomorrow
|
-
|
S+Will/Shall+Not+Have+Been+V-ing+O+Adv
|
You
will not have been drawing for 1 hour at 9 am tomorrow
|
?
|
Will/Shall+S+Have+Been+V-ing-O+Adv
|
will
you have been drawing for 1 hour at 9 am tomorrow?
|
C. PAST FUTURE FORMS
1. SIMPLE PAST
FUTURE TENSE
Past
Future Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang akan terjadi
pada waktu lampau.
Bentuk Nominal
Form
|
Pattern
|
Example
|
+
|
S+Would/Should+Be+O+Adv
|
They would be a
success animator if they study hard
|
-
|
S+Would/Should+Not+Be+O+Adv
|
They would not be a
success animator if they study hard
|
?
|
Would/Should+S+Be+O+Adv
|
would they be a
success animator if they study hard?
|
Bentuk Verbal
Form
|
Pattern
|
Example
|
+
|
S+Would/Should+V1+O+Adv
|
I would read more
animation books if I had enough spare time
|
-
|
S+Would/Should+Not+V1+O+Adv
|
I would not read more
animation books if I had enough spare time
|
?
|
Would/Should+S+V1+O+Adv
|
Would you read more
animation books if you had enough spare time?
|
2. PAST FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
Past
Future Perfect Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa
yang akan sudah sedang berlangsung pada waktu lampau.
Bentuk Nominal
Form
|
Pattern
|
Example
|
+
|
S+Would/Should+Be+Being+O+Adv
|
He would be being a
digital painter
|
-
|
S+Would/Should+Not+Be+Being+O+Adv
|
He would not be being
a digital painter
|
?
|
Would/Should+S+Be+Being+O+Adv
|
would he be being a
digital painter?
|
Bentuk Verbal
Form
|
Pattern
|
Example
|
+
|
S+Would/Should+Be+V-ing+O+Adv
|
I
would be doing my digital painting task at 3 pm
|
-
|
S+Would/Should+Not+Be+V-ing+O+Adv
|
I
would not be doing my digital painting task at 3 pm
|
?
|
Would/Should+S+Be+V-ing+O+Adv
|
Would
you be doing your digital painting task at 3 pm?
|
3. PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
Past
Future Perfect Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang akan
sudah selesai pada waktu lampau atau menyatakan pengandaian yang tidak mungkin terjadi karena
syaratnya sudah pasti tidak akan
terpenuhi.
Bentuk Nominal
Form
|
Pattern
|
Example
|
+
|
S+Would/Should+Have+Been+O+Adv
|
He would have been a
modeler next year
|
-
|
S+Would/Should+Not+Have+Been+O+Adv
|
He would not have
been a modeler next year
|
?
|
Would/Should+S+Have+Been+O+Adv
|
Would he have been a
modeler next year?
|
Bentuk Verbal
Form
|
Pattern
|
Example
|
+
|
S+Would/Should+Have+V3+O+Adv
|
I would have finished
my animation class at 4 pm tomorrow
|
-
|
S+Would/Should+Not+Have+V3+O+Adv
|
I would not have
finished my animation class at 4 pm tomorrow
|
?
|
Would/Should+S+Have+V3+O+Adv
|
would you have
finished your animation class at 4 pm tomorrow?
|
16. PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
TENSE
Past
Future Perfect Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa
yang akan sedang berlangsung.
Bentuk Nominal
Form
|
Pattern
|
Example
|
+
|
S+Would/Should+Have+Been+Being+O+Adv
|
You
would have been being an animation lecturer for 2 years in 2014
|
-
|
S+Would/Should+Have+Not+Been+Being+O+Adv
|
You
would not have been being an animation lecturer for 2 years in 2014
|
?
|
Would/Should+S+Have+Been+Being+O+Adv
|
Would
you have been being an animation lecturer for 2 years in 2014?
|
Bentuk Verbal
Form
|
Pattern
|
Example
|
+
|
S+Would/Should+Have+Been+V-ing+O+Adv
|
When
she decided to get married, she would have been working as a supervisor in
Infinite Studio for 1 year
|
-
|
S+Would/Should+Not+Have+Been+V-ing+O+Adv
|
When
she decided to get married, she would not have been working as a supervisor
in Infinite Studio for 1 year
|
?
|
Would/Should+S+Have+Been+V-ing+O+Adv
|
When
she decided to get married, would she have been working as a supervisor in
Infinite Studio for 1 year?
|